Lewis Hamilton set a blistering pace to take pole position for the Qatar Grand Prix by nearly half a second.

Hamilton’s team-mate Valtteri Bottas was third, 0.196secs behind Verstappen with Alpha Tauri’s Pierre Gasly fourth ahead of Alpine’s Fernando Alonso.

Verstappen’s team-mate Sergio Perez was only 11th, putting Red Bull at a strategic disadvantage for the race.

With Bottas up with Hamilton at the front, Mercedes can try to pincer Verstappen on race strategy in a race, by forcing him to stop at a time that is not optimal. It is hard to cover two cars on strategy when a team only has one.

After qualifying, Verstappen was issued with a summons by the stewards for allegedly not respecting double-waved yellow flags at the end of the final session, when Gasly was slowing with a punctured front tyre.

The hearing will be at 13:00 local time (10:00 GMT), so there will be no decision on Saturday.

If found guilty, Verstappen is likely to be handed a grid drop of in the region of three or five places.

Bottas and Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz have also been summoned to see the stewards – for the slightly lesser offence of not respecting single waved yellow flags for the same incident.

McLaren’s Lando Norris was sixth from Carlos Sainz. The second Alpha Tauri of Yuki Tsunoda was eighth, and Alpine’s Esteban Ocon and Aston Martin’s Sebastian Vettel completing the top 10.

Hamilton was quickest on both runs in the final top 10 shootout, just under 0.2secs ahead on the first run despite running wide in Turn One and making a mistake in Turn Two.

His final lap, though, was a beauty and Verstappen and Bottas had no answer.

Hamilton said: “Yesterday was a really difficult day for me. Thursday and Friday, I wasn’t feeling too well – I had a bit of stomach ache.

“I was off [the pace] yesterday so really had to dig deep. I was here ’til midnight working late.

“We found a lot of areas I could improve, made some changes for final practice and it seemed to work.

“You have to try and carry that through into qualifying. We didn’t have any traffic and that last lap was beautiful. This track is amazing to drive – all medium and fast corners.”

Verstappen said: “Just lacking a bit of pace. It has been just a bit more tricky for us again in qualifying. Checo [Perez] is not even in Q3, so you can see we are struggling a bit more than normal. [I’m] second, so it is all to play for, still.”

What’s at stake?

The championship remains finely poised, with victories of critical importance for both contenders.

If Verstappen wins, he would extend his points lead out to close to a clear win with only two races remaining, a deficit Hamilton would find tough to close.

But if Hamilton wins for the second week in a row after his magnificent drive in Brazil last weekend – in which he started the sprint race on Saturday from the back and overtook a total of 25 cars over one and a third grand prix distances to win – then the gap would be something between six to eight points, assuming Verstappen finishes second.

The existing deficit means Hamilton cannot afford a clash on track with Verstappen.

Overtaking is expected to be difficult around a track that is populated mainly by fast corners, so the battle for the lead down to Turn One and then pit-stop strategy will be critical.

Hamilton said: “Being such a fast circuit, I don’t think it will be the easiest of circuits to follow at but it’s also not massively degrading the tyres.”

Bottas, who said he had lost the balance of the car after looking so fast in Friday practice, said he was confident Mercedes could work the strategy to their advantage with two cars against one.

‘I wait to hear’: Hamilton makes a statement

Formula 1 has faced questions about the wisdom of the new deals for races in Qatar, and in Saudi Arabia in two weeks’ time.

Hamilton said on Thursday that F1 was “duty bound” to raise awareness of human rights issues in the countries, which he said “need scrutiny”.

He is wearing this weekend a helmet that features the rainbow pride colours, in support of LGBTQ+ rights, and after qualifying he said that he would be wearing it in Saudi Arabia, too, and possibly also at the final race of the season in Abu Dhabi.

“I will be using the same helmet through probably the last two races after this, or at least next week also,” he said.

“I am not aware of anyone commenting on it or any negative feedback. On the back I said: ‘We stand together’ and ‘love is love’.

“It’s important for me to represent that community here as I know there are several situations which aren’t perfect and need to be highlighted.”

Asked if any member of the Qatari authorities had talked to him about the issue, he said: “I hope someone reaches out and I would like to hear what they are doing here to help support that community more, the LGBTQ+ community. I wait to hear.”