Bracy-Williams, who has not competed since 2023, initially tried to tamper with the investigation and also breached the whereabouts rules where athletes must let officials know where they will be.

But he later admitted his violations and also provided “substantial assistance” to the investigation, said Usada, which carried out the investigation with the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) and US Drug Enforcement Administration.

“This case is an example of the importance of cooperation between like-minded organisations and law enforcement agencies when it comes to eradicating organised doping schemes,” said Usada chief Travis Tygart.

“When the rules are applied as they should be, we can hold people accountable while also pursuing additional anti-doping rule violations and criminal charges.

“This investigation has already resulted in several impactful outcomes which will be announced at a later date, as the overall investigation continues.”